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Pediculosis refers to an infestation by lice, which are parasitic insects that live on human hosts. This condition can affect various parts of the body, including the scalp (head lice), body (body lice), and pubic area (pubic lice). Because lice are classified as parasites, they obtain their nutrients by feeding on human blood.

The definition of a parasitic infestation aligns perfectly with the characteristics of Pediculosis, making this choice the correct answer. In contrast, conditions like fungal infections, viral infections, and bacterial infections are caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria respectively, which are not involved in Pediculosis. These other types of infections are treated differently and are not specifically associated with lice. Understanding the nature of Pediculosis as a parasitic condition is key to accurately identifying it in a clinical setting.